Cincinnati was founded in 1788 by John Cleves Symmes and Colonel Robert Patterson. Surveyor John Filson (also the author of The Adventures of Colonel Daniel Boon (siq) Daniel Boone) named it “Losantiville” from four terms, each of different language; meaning “The city opposite the mouth of the (Licking) River,” “ville” is French for “city,” “anti” is Greek for “opposite,” “os” is Latin for “mouth,” and “L” was all that was included of “Licking River.”
In 1789 Fort Washington was built to protect the settlements in the Northwest Territory. The post was constructed under the direction of General Josiah Harmar and was named in honor of President George Washington.
“With one hand he returns the fasces, symbol of power as appointed dictator of Rome. His other hand holds the plow, as he resumes the life of a citizen and farmer.” — A statue of Cincinnatus in Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1790, Arthur St. Clair, the governor of the Northwest Territory, changed the name of the settlement to “Cincinnati” in honor of the Society of the Cincinnati, of which he was president. The society was named gets its name from Cincinnatus the Roman general who saved the city of Rome from destruction and then quietly retired to his farm. The society was created in honor of General George Washington, who was considered a latter-day Cincinnatus because of his efforts in the American Revolution and then subsequent quiet retirement to his estate in Virginia. To this day, Cincinnati in particular, and Ohio in general, is home to a disproportionately large number of descendants of Revolutionary War soldiers who were granted lands in the state. Cincinnati’s connection with Rome still exists today through its nickname of “The City of Seven Hills” [3] (a phrase commonly associated with Rome) and the town twinning program of Sister Cities International.
In 1802, Cincinnati was chartered as a village, and in 1819, it was incorporated as a city. The introduction of steam navigation on the Ohio River in 1811 and the completion of the Miami and Erie Canal helped the city grow to 115,000 citizens by 1850. The nickname Porkopolis was coined around 1835, when Cincinnati was the country’s chief hog packing center, and herds of pigs traveled the streets. Called the “Queen of the West” by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (although this nickname was first used by a local newspaper in 1819), Cincinnati was an important stop on the Underground Railroad, which helped slaves escape from the South. Cincinnati also is known as the “City of Seven Hills.” The seven hills are fully described in the June, 1853 edition of the West American Review, “Article III—Cincinnati: Its Relations to the West and South.” The hills form a crescent from the east bank of the Ohio River to the west bank: Mount Adams, Walnut Hills, Mount Auburn, Vine Street Hill, Fairmount, Mount Harrison, and College Hill.
Cincinnati was the site of many historical beginnings. In 1850 it was the first city in the United States to establish a Jewish Hospital. It is where America’s first municipal fire department was established in 1853. Established in 1867, the Cincinnati Red Stockings (a.k.a. the Red Legs), the Cincinnati Reds) became the world’s first professional (all paid, no amateurs) baseball team in 1869. In 1935, major league baseball’s first night game was played at Crosley Field. Cincinnati was the first to build and own a major railroad in 1880. In 1902, the world’s first re-enforced concrete skyscraper was built, the Ingalls Building. “The Sons of Daniel Boone,” a forerunner to the Boy Scouts of America, began in Cincinnati in 1905. Because of the city’s rich German heritage, the pre-prohibition era allowed Cincinnati to become a national forerunner in the brewing industry.
Cincinnati was an important stop for the Underground Railroad in pre-Civil War times. It bordered a slave state, Kentucky, and is often mentioned as a destination for many people escaping the bonds of slavery. There are many harrowing stories involving abolitionists, runaways, slave traders and free men.
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