Rome is the capital city of Italy and of the Lazio region, as well as the country’s largest and most populous comune (basic administrative unit of both provinces and regions). It is located in the central-western portion of the Italian peninsula, where the river Aniene joins the Tiber. Rome is thoroughly modern and cosmopolitan. As one of the few major European cities that escaped World War II relatively unscathed, central Rome remains essentially Renaissance and Baroque in character.
Rome is unique in its containing two other sovereign states. One is the Holy See, the political and religious entity that governs the territory of the Vatican City (a de facto enclave since 1870, officially recognized as such in 1929), as well as claiming extraterritorial rights over a few other palaces and churches, mostly in the city centre; indeed, Rome hosts foreign embassies to both Italy and the Holy See. The other state is the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (SMOM), which took refuge in Rome in 1834 after having lost Malta to Napoleon in 1798, and thus claims no territory (leading to disputes over its actual sovereign status); SMOM too owns extraterritorial palaces in central Rome.
Since the time of ancient Rome, the city has always been a site for immigration. This once extended to all reaches of the Roman Empire, but was more confined to the rest of Italy in later centuries, as Rome’s political power waned. Still, many of its citizens’ families originate from outside the city, and the Romanesco phrase Romano de Roma (“Roman from Rome”) has been coined to indicate someone who descends from a family that has lived in Rome for at least seven generations, the mark of a “true” Roman.
Over the second half of 20th century, Rome has seen increasing immigration from other countries. There is a substantial immigrant population, including a large number of clandestines. By far the largest number of immigrants are Eastern European, with the largest numbers of foreigners coming from Romania, The Philippines, Poland, Albania, Peru, Bangladesh, Ukraine, North Africa and China.
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